What is EBITDA | EBITDA kya hota hain ? | EBITDA क्या होता है?

EBITDA ka full form "Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization" hai. Yeh ek financial metric hai jo kisi company ke operational performance ko measure karne ke liye use hota hai. Isko hindi mein hum "ब्याज, कर, मूल्यह्रास, और स्थिरीकरण से पहले की कमाई" keh sakte hain.

EBITDA company ki profitability ka ek indicator hai jo operational efficiency ko dikhata hai bina iske ki company ne apne debt, tax liabilities, aur non-cash accounting items (jaise depreciation aur amortization) ka kaise samna kiya.

EBITDA calculate karne ka formula hai:

$\text{EBITDA}=\text{Net Income}+\text{Interest}+\text{Taxes}+\text{Depreciation}+\text{Amortization}$

Key Points:

1. Earnings (Net Income): Company ki total income (profit) after all expenses.
2. Before Interest: Company ne kitna interest pay kiya apne loans par.
3. Taxes: Company ke profits par kitna tax lagta hai.
4. Depreciation: Company ke tangible assets (jaise machinery) ka value over time decrease hone par accounting expense.
5. Amortization: Company ke intangible assets (jaise patents) ka value over time decrease hone par accounting expense.

EBITDA ka use investors aur analysts karte hain kyunki yeh company ki core profitability ko dikhata hai bina iske ki company apne financial obligations aur capital expenditures ko kaise manage kar rahi hai. Yeh metric especially un industries mein useful hota hai jahan capital investments bahut zyada hote hain aur depreciation/amortization significant hote hain.

Example ke liye, agar kisi company ka net income ₹5 lakh hai, interest expenses ₹1 lakh hai, taxes ₹50,000 hai, depreciation ₹2 lakh hai, aur amortization ₹50,000 hai, toh us company ka EBITDA yeh hoga:

$\text{EBITDA}=\text{₹}5,00,000+\text{₹}1,00,000+\text{₹}50,000+\text{₹}2,00,000+\text{₹}50,000=\text{₹}9,00,000$

Is calculation se hum dekh sakte hain ki operationally company ka performance kaise hai bina financial structuring ke impact ko consider kiye.