🌊 Indus Water Treaty kya hai? Indus Water Treaty: Bharat aur Pakistan ke beech paani ka itihasik samjhauta

Indus Water Treaty (IWT) ek historic water-sharing agreement hai jo India aur Pakistan ke beech 1960 mein sign hua tha. Iska main purpose tha dono deshon ke beech Indus River system ke paani ka shanti se vitran (distribution) karna, taki wars ke baad paani ko lekar tension na badhe.

Ye treaty World Bank ki madad se sign ki gayi thi, jab Bharat ke pradhanmantri Jawaharlal Nehru aur Pakistan ke president Ayub Khan ne ispar hastakshar kiya.

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📅 Kab hua tha ye samjhauta?

• Date: 19 September 1960

• Location: Karachi, Pakistan

• Signed by:

  • India: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru

  • Pakistan: President Ayub Khan

  • Mediator: World Bank

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📌 Indus Water System kya hai?

Indus River system mein total 6 major nadiyan aati hain:

1. Indus

2. Jhelum

3. Chenab

4. Ravi

5. Beas

6. Sutlej

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📤 Paani ka kaise vitran hua? (Water Sharing Agreement)

• Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) → Pakistan ko diye gaye

• Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) → India ko mile

Iska matlab Pakistan ko western rivers ka adhikaar mila, jabki Bharat eastern rivers ka full use kar sakta hai (agriculture, domestic use, storage, hydro power etc.)

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🤝 Is samjhaute ka uddeshya kya tha?

1. Partition ke baad paani ke resources ko lekar conflict avoid karna

2. Long-term peace ensure karna India-Pakistan ke beech

3. Agriculture aur economy dono deshon ki secure karna

4. World Bank ke mediation ke zariye ek fair deal dena

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🛠️ Key Provisions of the Treaty:

• Dono desh apne rivers par specific limitations ke saath dams ya canals bana sakte hain.

• Disputes ke liye ek Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) banayi gayi hai.

• Agar conflict hota hai, toh pehle dono desh baatcheet karenge. Agar solution na mile, toh World Bank mediation karega.

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📈 Kya ye treaty aaj bhi relevant hai?

Haan, Indus Water Treaty aaj bhi world’s most successful water treaties mein count hoti hai. Kayi wars aur tensions ke bawajood ye samjhauta barkarar raha hai.

Lekin kuch log is par rethink ki baat karte hain, especially jab Pakistan India ke water projects par objections uthata hai. India legally apne rivers par hydro projects bana sakta hai, lekin guidelines ke under.

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🔍 Controversies ya Challenges:

• Pakistan ke objections on Indian dams (like Kishanganga & Ratle project)

• India ka concern ki Pakistan water terrorism ya cross-border tension badhaata hai

• Climate change aur glacier melting ka effect Indus basin par

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✅ Conclusion:

Indus Water Treaty ek visionary example hai diplomacy ka, jisme do dushman desh bhi natural resources ka peaceful use kar rahe hain. Is treaty ne prove kiya hai ki dialogue aur commitment se conflict solve ho sakte hain — even in the most tense geopolitical zones.

Indus Water Treaty Bharat aur Pakistan ke beech 1960 mein hua ek paani vitran samjhauta hai. Janiye iska itihas, provisions, aur aaj ke context mein iska relevance Hinglish mein.