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Indus Water Treaty (IWT) ek historic water-sharing agreement hai jo India aur Pakistan ke beech 1960 mein sign hua tha. Iska main purpose tha dono deshon ke beech Indus River system ke paani ka shanti se vitran (distribution) karna, taki wars ke baad paani ko lekar tension na badhe. Ye treaty World Bank ki madad se sign ki gayi thi, jab Bharat ke pradhanmantri Jawaharlal Nehru aur Pakistan ke president Ayub Khan ne ispar hastakshar kiya. 📅 Kab hua tha ye samjhauta? Date: 19 September 1960 Location: Karachi, Pakistan Signed by: India: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru Pakistan: President Ayub Khan Mediator: World Bank 📌 Indus Water System kya hai? Indus River system mein total 6 major nadiyan aati hain: Indus Jhelum Chenab Ravi Beas Sutlej 📤 Paani ka kaise vitran hua? (Water Sharing Agreement) Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) → Pakistan ko diye gaye Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) → India ko mile Iska matlab Pakis...

📍 Kya hai Shimla Agreement? Shimla Agreement ek diplomatic understanding tha jo Bharat (India) aur Pakistan ke beech 2 July 1972 ko sign hua tha. Is agreement ka main maksad tha 1971 ke Bharat-Pakistan yudh ke baad dono deshon ke beech shanti, samjhota aur sammaan ka rasta banana. 📍 Shimla Agreement kab hua? 🗓 Date : 2 July 1972 📍 Place : Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 👥 Signatories : Bharat ki taraf se Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Pakistan ki taraf se President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 🧨 Background – Agreement ki zarurat kyun padi? 1971 mein Bharat aur Pakistan ke beech ek bada yudh hua tha jiska result tha Bangladesh ka janm (jo pehle East Pakistan tha). Is yudh mein Pakistan ne haara, aur 93,000 se zyada Pakistani soldiers ne Bharat ke saamne surrender kiya. Yudh ke baad zarurat thi ek political solution ki jisse dono desh ek naye shuruat kar sakein — isi liye hua Shimla Agreement . ✍️ Shimla Agreement ke Main Points 1. Dono desh apne disputes ko sirf bilateral (d...

An agreement is a legally binding document between two or more parties that outlines the terms and conditions of a mutual understanding. Whether it’s a business deal, service contract, partnership, or employment agreement, drafting it correctly is crucial to avoid future disputes. ✅ Step-by-Step Process to Draft an Agreement 1. Title of the Agreement Keep it clear and concise. Example: “Service Agreement” , “Partnership Agreement” , “Rental Agreement” 2. Date of Agreement Mention the date on which the agreement is being made and executed. 3. Details of the Parties Full name, address, and description of all parties involved. Example: This Agreement is made between Mr. Rajeev Sharma, residing at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party A”) and Mr. Arvind Yadav, residing at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”). 4. Purpose of the Agreement A brief introduction of why the agreement is being made. 5. Definitions (if required) Define important terms use...

💡 Low Investment – High Profit Street Food Business! Agar aap bhi soch rahe ho ki chhoti investment me kuch apna shuru karein, toh momo ka thela ek zabardast option hai. Lucknow jaise sheher me jahan har gali me foodie milte hain, wahan tasty aur hygienic momos sabko attract karte hain. 📊 Momo Thela Setup Ka Estimated Cost Breakdown Item Approx. Cost (₹) Thela with gas + cylinder space ₹15,000 – ₹25,000 Gas Stove + Cylinder ₹3,000 – ₹4,000 3-tier Momo Steamer ₹2,000 – ₹3,000 Raw Material (Maida, veg, paneer, chicken etc. for 1 week) ₹3,000 – ₹5,000 Disposable Plates, Tissues etc. ₹1,000 Apron, Gloves, Safai items ₹500 Banner, Flex, Initial Promotion ₹1,000 – ₹2,000 FSSAI ya Local License ₹1,000 – ₹2,000 🔹 Total Initial Investment: ₹26,000 – ₹42,000 (One-time setup) 📆 Monthly Running Expense Item Approx. Cost Raw Material ₹10,000 – ₹20,000 Gas Cylinder ₹700 – ₹1,000 Helper Salary (if needed) ₹8,000 – ₹10,000 Misc. Maintenance ₹1,000 💰 Kitna Kama Sakte Ho? Momos Price (per plate...

  🔵 CIBIL Score Kya Hota Hai? CIBIL Score ek 3-digit number hota hai (300 se 900 ke beech), jo aapke credit history ko dikhata hai. Ye score TransUnion CIBIL naam ke credit bureau ke dwara banaya jaata hai. Jitna zyada score, utna zyada aapka creditworthiness — yaani bank aur lenders aap par bharosa karte hain ki aap loan time par chuka doge. 📊 CIBIL Score Range & Meaning: Score Rating Loan Approval Chances 750 – 900 Excellent Bahut aasan aur best rate milta hai 700 – 749 Good Approval mil sakta hai 650 – 699 Average Risk zyada, interest rate bhi zyada 550 – 649 Poor Approval mushkil 300 – 549 Very Poor Creditworthiness low ❓ CIBIL Score Kyon Zaroori Hai? Loan ya Credit Card lene ke liye. EMI pe product kharidne ke liye. Rent agreement, job verification me bhi kaam aata hai. Interest rate negotiate karne me helpful. 🧾 CIBIL Score Kaise Check Karein? (Free Mein) Aap apna score bilkul free check kar sakte ho: CIBIL Official Site : https://www.cib...

  Location: North Sentinel Island Bharat ke Andaman & Nicobar Islands ka ek hissa hai. Yeh Port Blair se kareeb 50 KM door, Bengal ki Khadi mein sthit hai. 🏝️ Yeh North Sentinel Island hai kya? Yeh ek chhota sa tropical island hai jahan ek purani aur khud mein band tribal community rehti hai — jinka naam hai Sentinelese . Yeh log duniya ke sabse uncontacted tribes mein gina jaata hai. Sentinelese log kisi bhi bahari insaan se bilkul contact nahi karna chahte . Agar koi unke paas jaata hai, to woh aksar teer-kamaan se attack kar dete hain. 📜 Iska Itihaas kya hai? Yeh log kareeb 60,000 saal purane African ancestors ke vansaj maane jaate hain. British rule ke time pe kuch contact karne ki koshishein hui thi — lekin Sentinelese ne hamesha mana kiya. 2006 mein kuch mallaahon ko maar diya gaya, aur 2018 mein ek American missionary John Chau ki bhi wahaan maut ho gayi, jab unhone island par jaane ki koshish ki. 🚫 Kya yeh Island Restricted hai? Haan, bilkul. ...

🔍 Waqf kya hota hai? Waqf ek Islamic tradition hai jisme koi insaan apni property (jaise zameen, building ya paisa) Allah ke naam pe daan kar deta hai — jiska use masjid, school, hospital ya social kaam ke liye hota hai. Ek baar koi cheez Waqf ho gayi to usse na becha ja sakta hai, na hi gift kiya ja sakta hai. 🧩 Waqf Bill 2025 kyun laaya gaya? Pichhle kuch saalon me Waqf properties ko lekar bohot zyada confusion aur disputes hue hain: Zameen pe illegal kabze Zameen ke asli malik ko ownership na milna Waqf board ke under transparency ki kami Poori gaon ki zameen ko waqf declare kar diya gaya Inhi sab problems ko solve karne ke liye Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025 laaya gaya hai — jisse asli malik ko nyay milega aur waqf property ka misuse bhi roka jaa sakega. 🚨 Kuch shocking examples jo news me aaye Tamil Nadu : Ek poore gaon ko waqf declare kar diya gaya, log apni hi zameen nahi bech pa rahe. Bihar : Govindpur ke logon ko waqf ka notice mil gaya, zameen pe haq khatre...

  1. क्या मतलब है 'Pasmanda Muslim' का? "Pasmanda" एक फ़ारसी शब्द है जिसका अर्थ होता है "पीछे छूटे हुए" या "शोषित वर्ग" । Pasmanda Muslims उन दलित , ओबीसी (Other Backward Classes) और आर्थिक रूप से पिछड़े मुसलमानों को कहा जाता है जो भारत में मुस्लिम समाज के निचले सामाजिक और आर्थिक तबकों से आते हैं। 2. कब और कैसे बना यह शब्द 'Pasmanda'? यह शब्द कोई धार्मिक शब्द नहीं है, बल्कि सामाजिक न्याय की लड़ाई से जुड़ा शब्द है। 1990 के दशक में यह शब्द भारत में लोकप्रिय हुआ, खासतौर पर जब मंडल कमीशन के जरिए OBC वर्ग के लिए आरक्षण की बात चली। Dr. Ejaz Ali और Ali Anwar Ansari जैसे नेताओं ने "Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz" जैसी संस्थाएं बनाई ताकि मुस्लिम समाज के भीतर भी पिछड़े वर्गों को पहचान और न्याय मिल सके। 3. भारत में मुसलमानों के सामाजिक वर्ग: भारतीय मुसलमान तीन सामाजिक श्रेणियों में बँटे हुए हैं (हालाँकि धार्मिक तौर पर सब बराबर माने जाते हैं): वर्ग वर्णन Ashraf उच्च वर्ग: सैयद, पठान, शेख, मुगल आदि। मानते हैं कि वे अरब, ...

Prastavna (Introduction): Bharat mein aksar Musalman samudaay ko ek jaisa samjha jaata hai, lekin yeh sach nahi hai. Jaise Hindu samaj mein jaati-pratha hai, waise hi Musalman samaj mein bhi ek gehra jaatiya bhidbhaav hai. Isi samajik asamanta ke khilaaf jo awaaz uthi, uska naam hai "Pasmanda Andolan." Pasmanda ka Arth: "Pasmanda" Farsi shabd hai jiska arth hota hai "peeche chhoot gaye log." Yeh shabd un Musalmano ke liye istemal hota hai jo samajik, arthik aur shiksha ke kshetra mein peeche rahe gaye hain. Muslim Samaaj ke Vargikaran: Bharatiya Musalman samaaj mein mukhyatah 3 varg hote hain: Ashraf - Uchch varg (Syed, Sheikh, Pathan, Mughal) Ajlaf - OBC jaatiyan (bunkar, kasai, darzi, lohar, nai) Arzal - Dalit Musalman (mehtar, bhangi, halalkhor) Ajlaf + Arzal = Pasmanda Muslims Pasmanda Andolan ki Shuruaat: 1990 ke dashak mein Mandal Commission ke baad Pasmanda Musalman netaon jaise Ali Anwar Ansari aur Dr. Ejaz Ali ne Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz jai...